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| McDonnell F-101 Voodoo |
McDonnell F-101 Voodoo
First Flight: 1954,
September 29
Type:
F-101A:
single-seat tactical fighter-bomber
F-101B: two-seat interceptor
Power:
Pratt
& Whitney J57-P-55 turbojet engines
6749kg
/ 14,880lb afterburning thrust
Armament:
F-101A M39 20mm / 0.79 cannon (3)
Port side of fuselage (2)
Starboard side of fuselage (1)
3050kg
/ 6724lb bombs, including tactical nuclear
F-101B MB-1
Genie nuclear-tipped air-to-air missile (2)
Falcon
air-to-air missiles (4)
Or
Falcon
air-to-air missiles (6)
Size:
Length: 20.54m / 67ft 4.75in
Height: 5.49m / 18ft
Wingspan: 12.09m / 39ft 8in
Wing
Area: 34.19m2 / 368ft2
Weights:
Empty: 13,141kg / 28,970lb
Loaded: 19,300kg /
42,550lb
Max
Take-off: 23,768kg / 52,400lb
Performance:
Max
Speed: 1965kph / 1221mph
Ceiling: 16,705m / 54,800ft
Range: 2494km
/ 1550 miles
Fuel: 8123 liters / 2,146 US gallons – mostly internal
Climb: 11,133m / 36,500ft per minute
Production:
805
– most were F-101B two-seat interceptors
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| Fuel cells above engines along fuselage spine |
Flying a dogfighter isn’t like flying a troop transport – it
isn’t “steady as she goes”. You want
high-performance maneuverability so you can expect instability inherent to the
design. That may be OK if you’re flying
a World War I vintage biplane like the Spad – you’ve got time to react doing a
hundred miles an hour at several thousand feet.
If you’re flying a crazy rocket sled at tree-top level at eight hundred
miles an hour you have to really know what it is you’re doing at all times or
they’re pealing up your goo from all over the landscape. Even
good fighter pilots might take a pass on flying McDonnell’s F-101 Voodoo,
especially if you have a wife and kids to come home to.
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| Two-seat F-101B was interceptor |
Now that I’ve implied its virtual suicide to climb into a
Voodoo’s cockpit let me pass along a bit of reassuring information. The F-101 had an outstanding safety record
with the lowest-accidents-per-hours-flown ratio of any combat aircraft of its
time. How does an unforgiving combat jet
with quirky flight characteristics have anything to do with safety? The Voodoo killed a number of test pilots because
it was their job to discover the nature of the aircraft. In the 1950s the Air Forces of both super
powers were aggressive in pushing the jet performance envelope. Design engineers were rushed into unknown
territory. Pilot safety was not first
and foremost in this equation. For
instance, the high tailplane of the Voodoo gave it some extravagant performance
characteristics but it was also the reason for a number of unpleasant
surprises. Pilots learned from the
unfortunate early errors of others and, for the most part, stayed focused to
avoid becoming a statistic draped in black.
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| F-101 had impressive range even without drop tanks |
The entire saga begins with the XF-88 being flown in 1948 as
a prototype interceptor. Given the
nature of jets during this period it should come as no surprise that its speed
was disappointing. The project looks to
be scrapped and engineers are updating their resumes. Along comes the Korean War in 1950. The B-29 Superfortress is satisfactorily
terrorizing the populace of North Korea with its bombing missions when, all of
a sudden from out of the blue, in roars a jet named the MiG 15. Our bombers begin to drop like smoked sausages. The US Air Force’s Strategic Air Command starts
to believe they need an escort fighter to protect its huge B-36 Peacemaker in a
possible bombing run on the Soviet Union or China. Looking around they recognize the long range
potential of the XF-88 and, from this need, the F-101 Voodoo is born. Sometime during 1954 SAC changes its mind
about the Voodoo. Maybe the new jet
B-47s and B-52s are fast enough to take care of themselves. Maybe the F-101 doesn’t have what it takes to
protect these bombers all the way to their target, anyway.
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| F-101B capable of firing nuclear-tipped Genie missile |
The F-101 is not dead.
The Air Force’s Tactical Air Command thinks this aircraft is just what
they need in Europe to deliver tactical nuclear bombs on targets behind the
Iron Curtain. The F-101 meets its
criteria. It’s got the speed needed for
survivability and it can come in low to the ground. It’s got the payload ability to handle with
ease iron bombs or tactical free-falling nukes.
It’s big enough to hold two thousand US gallons of fuel internally –
making it perfect as a long range fighter-bomber. Here’s the way it works: the Voodoo begins its bombing run low, then the
pilot initiates a loop, releasing the nuke about half way through so that it’s
lobed at about a 45o angle.
The jet finishes its loop, rolls and drops, racing off at full speed so
as not to be enveloped in the detonation.
It’s not a piece of cake.
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| RF-101A used in reconnaissance role over Vietnam |
There was still another scenario for the versatile F-101
Voodoo. NORAD, or more specifically the
Air Force’s Air Defense Command needed an interceptor to meet the threat of
Soviet bombers approaching American cities from over the Polar icecap. Both the proposed F-102 and F-106 were behind
in meeting this need because of a series of frustrating delays in their
development. The Air Force needed an
insurance policy and the F-101B was chosen to be it. This two-seater, missile-bearing interceptor was
very effective but also extremely complicated to maintain – a real nightmare
for mechanics. Once the delta jets, the
F-102 and F-106, came online these aircraft were handed to the Canadians to use,
where they did their job despite being stationed in the adverse weather of the
Arctic Circle.
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| Air-brakes deployed above engines on this CF-101B |
The Voodoo isn’t remembered for its combat performance but
it did play a key role as America’s first supersonic reconnaissance aircraft. It was critical in providing the White House
information on the nature of missile installation during the Cuban Missile
Crisis. Its greatest role, though, was
the contribution it made during the Vietnam War. Voodoos routinely flew hazardous daylight
reconnaissance missions over Hanoi at speeds of Mach 1.8. Anything slower and you’re likely to be the
victim of a Vietnamese MiG 21 – whose own afterburners could light up to attain
speeds of over 1,300 miles per hour; and you've only got a camera to defend yourself. The Voodoos speed saved a lot
of pilots but you’re not exactly the Road Runner dodging Wiley Coyote. There were 40 Voodoos shot down over the
North, mainly because of SAM strikes and anti-aircraft fire.
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| F101: extraordinary performance but also tricky |
The Voodoo served the Air Force for thirty years in one of
any number of capacities. Its startling
performance was at a cost of tricky handling.
You have to be among the best to fly the F-101 and you are always
diligent about monitoring your jet’s behavior because it never flies itself and
it doesn’t forgive a moment’s inattention… kind of like Valentine’s with your
girlfriend.
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| F-101Bs intercept B-52G |
